WaterAid Bangladesh commissioned two complementary studies to examine the landscape of Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) products across the country. Conducted in partnership with Innovision Consulting, Bonhishikha and with support from Vinnova, this research combined a broad market landscape analysis with a comparative study focused on low-income communities. The goal was to understand the availability, affordability, and acceptability of both conventional menstrual products (such as disposable pads and cloth) and newer alternatives (like reusable pads and menstrual cups), and to identify culturally appropriate, sustainable solutions to Bangladesh’s menstrual health challenges.
What we found:
The studies revealed critical gaps in MHM product access and use in Bangladesh. About 71% of women have used disposable sanitary pads in recent months, yet high costs force many to continue relying on cloth – 91% of women in the poorest communities still use cloth primarily because it is virtually free. Availability of affordable, good-quality products remains uneven, especially in rural areas. Even though Bangladesh has removed value-added tax on locally made sanitary pads, prices remain high due to import-dependent raw materials. Awareness of sustainable alternatives is very low among users: only 27% of respondents had heard of reusable pads and just 13% knew of menstrual cups, leading to negligible uptake of these more eco-friendly, low-cost options. Deep-rooted cultural stigma and misinformation around menstruation continue to impede progress – 77% of women still face barriers to obtaining menstrual products because of societal taboos, economic challenges, and a lack of proper facilities in schools and workplaces. This poor support infrastructure, including insufficient washrooms and disposal bins, means that even when disposable pads are used, they are often discarded unsafely, adding to environmental waste. To address these issues, the studies recommend concerted action from government and partners: subsidising menstrual products or capping prices to improve affordability, supporting local manufacturing of low-cost biodegradable pads, and promoting reusable products through education and distribution campaigns.




